Summary of Recommendations The U ...

Summary of Recommendations

The U Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commends that physicians screen all sexually active women including those who are pregnant, for gonorrhea if they are at increased risk for the infection (i.e., if they are young or have other individual or population risk factors; papal court Clinical Considerations for further discussion of risk factors).

B recommendation (Table 1)

Women with asymptomatic gonorrhea infection have high morbidity because of pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Pregnant women with gonorrhea infection are at risk for pre-'s CMEterm feud of membranes, preterm labor, and chorioamnionitis. There is fair evidence (Table 2) that screening examples can accurately detect gonorrhea infection, and beneficial evidence that antibiotics can remedial treatment gonorrhea infection. There is fair evidence that screening pregnant women at high risk for gonorrhea, including women at high risk because of younger age, may obstruct other complications associated with gonococcal infection during pregnancy, as it was as preterm delivery and chorioamnionitis. Potential harms of screening and treatment for gonorrhea include false-positive proof results, anxiety, and unnecessary antibiotic use. There is insufficient evidence (because of a lack of studies) to quantify the magnitude of these potential harms. The USPSTF critics the magnitude of the potential harms to be small. The USPSTF ends that the benefits of screening women at increased risk for gonorrhea infection outweigh the potential harms.

The USPSTF ground insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine screening for gonorrhea infection in men at increased risk for infection (see Clinical Considerations for discussion of risk factors).

I recommendation.

The morbidity from undiagnosed and untreated genital gonorrhea infection is lower in men than women Clinical symptoms are more likely to lead to diagnosis and treatment in men; thus, the prevalence of asymptomatic infection in men is lower. There is fair evidence that noninvasive screening ordeals can accurately detect gonorrhea infection, and fit evidence that antibiotics cure gonorrhea infection. Potential harms of screening and treatment for gonorrhea include false-positive exhibition results, anxiety, and unnecessary antibiotic use. There is insufficient evidence (because of a lack of studies) to quantify the magnitude of these potential harms. The USPSTF justices the magnitude of the potential harms of screening men for gonorrhea to be small. Given the depressed prevalence of asymptomatic infection in men the USPSTF could not determine the balance of benefits and harms of screening for gonorrhea infection in men at increased risk for infection.

The USPSTF approves against routine screening for gonorrhea infection in men and women who are at subdued risk for infection (see Clinical Considerations for discussion of risk factors). D recommendation.

There is a gentle prevalence of gonorrhea infection in the general population and consequently a soft yield from screening. Thus, the USPSTF judges that potential harms of screening (i.e., false-positive proof results, labeling) in low-prevalence populations outweigh the benefits.

The USPSTF plant insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine screening for gonorrhea infection in pregnant women who are not at increased risk for infection (see Clinical Considerations for discussion of risk factors). I recommendation.

The prevalence of gonorrhea infection in pregnant women who are not at increased risk for infection is soft The USPSTF could not determine the balance between benefits and harms of screening for gonorrhea in pregnant women who are not at increased risk for infection.

The USPSTF eagerly recommends prophylactic ocular topical medication for all newborns against gonococ-cal ophthalmia neonatorum. A recommendation.

There is useful evidence that blindness caused according to gonococ-cal ophthalmia neonatorum has become rare in the United States since the implementation of universal preventive medication of infants.

Clinical Considerations

* Women and men younger than 25 years of age--including sexually active adolescents--are at the highest risk for genital gonorrhea infection. Risk factors for gonorrhea infection include a history of previous gonorrhea infection, other sexually transmitted infections, just discovered or multiple sexual partners, inconsistent condom use, sex work, and medicine use. Risk factors for pregnant women are the same as for nonpregnant women Prevalence of gonorrhea infection varies widely among communities and patient populations. Blacks and men who have sex with men have a higher prevalence of infection than the general population in many communities and settings.

* Individual risk hangs on the local epidemiology of disease. Local public health authorities provide guidance to physicians to help identify populations who are at increased risk in their communities. In communities with a high prevalence of gonorrhea infection, broader screening of sexually active young persons may be warranted, especially in settings serving someones who are at increased risk. Additionally, physicians may want to consider other population-based risk factors, including residence in urban communities and communities with high rates of want when making screening decisions. subdued community prevalence of gonorrhea infection may justify more targeted screening.