Observational studies have examined...

Observational studies have examined the relationship between fish consumption and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, further none has had adequate statistical power to support a conclusion. Whelton and associates pond ed the data available from multiple observational studies about the consumption of fish and fish oils.

A total of 19 cohort and case-control studies were included in the analysis. All studies were carriageed in adult humans, used an observational case-control or cohort investigation design, compared a group who regularly consum fish with a form into groups who consumed little or no fish, included CHD as an issue and reported the association of fish consumption categories with CHD as a relative risk, hazard ratio, or redundants ratio. Fish consumption was recorded in different ways in the studies, and a dietitian changeed the quantity of fish consum to the number of servings consum weekly.

The mereed relative risk of fatal CHD in human frames consuming any amount of fish versus those who consum little or no fish was 083 (95 percent confidence interval, 076 to 090; P < 005) An inverse relationship was noted between fish consumption and fatal CHD in all still one subgroup. This inverse relationship was more striking in somebodys consuming two or more servings of fish by week compared with those who ate fewer than couple servings per week. The protective efficiency of fish consumption was slightly greater in women than in men

The authors gather that fish consumption is associated with a significantly lower rate of fatal and total CHD Recommendations of increased fish consumption may be useful in the pair primary and secondary CHD prevention.

Whelton SP et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies forward fish intake and coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol May 1 2004;93:1119-23

EDITOR'S NOTE: The protective event of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with CHD has been documented. (1) The amount of omega-3 fish oil appendixs used in most studies was the equivalent of eating pair or more servings of fish for week. Based on this meta-analysis, daily consumption of fatty fish similar as herring, mackerel, or salmon, or approximately 12 g of a fish-oil continuation may be recommended to lower the adverse circumstance risk in patients with CHD Fish oils also have been remind ofed to reduce fatal arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. (2) Other probable benefits include decreased platelet aggregation, improved lipid profiles, enhanced endothelial function, and decreased inflammation. sum of two units cautions should be considered. First, high doses of fish oils in ones with type 2 diabetes who have hypertriglyceridemia may lower triglyceride evens but also raise levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3) Further cogitation on how this affects vascular affairs is needed. Second, fish oils may raise the International Normalized Ratio in patients taking warfarin. (4)--RS

REFERENCES

(1) Bucher HC Hengstler P Schindler C Meier G N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controll trials. Am J M 2002;112:298-304

(2) De Caterina R Madonna R Zucchi R La Rovere MT Antiarrhythmic general intents of omega-3 fatty acids: from epidemiology to bedside. Am Heart J 2003;146:420-30

(3) Farmer A, Montori V Dinneen s Clar C. Fish oil in populace with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(4):CD003205

(4) Buckley M Goff AD, Knapp WE. Fish oil interaction with warfarin. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:50-3

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