The 2005 commended Childhood and A...

The 2005 commended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule (see accompanying charts), which is approved by dint of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), is similar to the July to December 2004 schedule. undivided item change should be noted: influenza vaccine is now attract favor toed for routine use in children six in consequence of 23 months of age. This is indicated by dint of the yellow bar for influenza located above the r dotted line for children six to 23 month of age; it also is commended for children two years of age and older who have risk conditions so as asthma.

Hospitalization rates from influenza are highest among preschooler especially infants naught to one year of age. Among children aged nothing to two years, the influenza-related hospitalization rates range (depending forward the exact age) from about 800 to 1900 for 100,000 for children who have high-risk conditions compared with 186 to 1038 for 100,000 for healthy children. (1-3) single study (4) found rates of 144 to 187 for 100,000 children aged zero to 23 month (24) Furthermore, single team showed that healthy children aged six month to three years had rates of influenza-associated hospitalization as high or higher than rates among children aged three to 14 years who had high-risk conditions. (13) the same study (3) found that for each 100 children, an annual average of six to 15 outpatient visits and three to nine courses of antibiotics were attributable to influenza. newly neurologic complications of influenza in children have been more widely recognized, including encephalopathy and death.

Influenza is frequent among children. The illness attack rate is highest in children, at 14 to 40 percent yearly, with attack rates typically from one side of to the other 30 percent in preschool-aged children. (5-7)

Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) has moderate efficacy in young children and useful efficacy in older children. A studious mood (8) of children aged single in kind through 15 years found TIV to be 77 to 91 percent efficacious against influenza original A respiratory illness with efficacy defined by the agency of seroconversion of 44 to 49 percent among children undivided to five years of age, 74 to 76 percent among children six to 10 years of age, and 70 to 81 percent among children 11 to 15 years of age. Another thought (9) found an efficacy rate of 56 percent against influenza illness among children aged three to nine a third inquiry (10) efficacy was 66 percent against culture-confirmed influenza among children six to 24 month of age.

Because TIV is not live, it cannot cause influenza. Influenza vaccine can cause local reactions as it was as soreness at the injection site. In young children who have not been expos to influenza vaccine, heat malaise, and myalgia can come to pass In one trial, fever occurr in 115 percent of children individual to five years of age and in 5 percent of children aged six to 15 years. (8) individual study (11) from the Vaccine Safety Datalink erect that no serious reactions were associated with influenza vaccination among 251600 children younger than 18 years of age who received above 438,000 doses of inactivated influenza vaccine. The Center for Disease rule and Prevention's (CDC's) Vaccine Information Statement forward Influenza has been updated and is available onward the CDC Web site at http://www.cdc.gov/nip/publica-tions/VIS/default.htm.

Useful Web sites for popular immunization information include the following: the CDC National Immunization Program Web site (http://www.cdc.gov/nip); the AAFP Web site (http://www.aafp.org/x10615.xml), which contains AAFP clinical policies in succession immunization; the Group on Immunization Education of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine's Web site (http://www.immu-nizationed.org), which is a site discloseed by family physician educators and has delivered Palm OS and Windows applications of the child-hood schedule; the Immunization Action Coalition Web site (http://www.immunize.org); and the National Network for Immunization Information Web site (http://www.immunizationinfo.org).

REFERENCES

(1) Neuzil KM Wright PF Mitchel EF Jr Griffin MR The weight of influenza illness in children with asthma and other chronic medical conditions. J Pediatr 2000;137:856-64

(2) Harper SA, Fukuda K Uyeki TM Cox NJ Bridges; Center for Disease direct and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee forward Immunization Practices (ACIP). Prevention and dominion government of influenza: recommendations of the Advi-sory Committee forward Immunization Practices (ACIP) [Published correction in MMWR Recomm Rep 2004;53:743] MMWR Recomm Rep 2004;53(RR-6):1-40

(3) Neuzil KM Mellen BG Wright PF Mitchel EF Jr Griffin MR The import of influenza on hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and courses of antibiotics in children. N Engl J M 2000;342:225-31

(4) Izurieta H Thompson WW Kramarz P Shay DK Davis RL DeStefano F et al. Influenza and the rates of hospitalization for respiratory disease among infants and young children. N Engl J M 2000;342:232-9