The Advisory Committee in successi...

The Advisory Committee in succession Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Center for Disease mastery and Prevention (CDC) has issued recommendations in succession the prevention and control of influenza for the 2003-2004 influenza season. This report updates the 2002 recommendations according to the ACIP for the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents.

The 2003 recommendations include just discovered or updated information about the timing of influenza vaccination, the 2003-2004 trivalent inactivated vaccine virus strains (A/Moscow/10/99 [H3N2]-like, A/New Caledonia/20/99 [H1N1]-like, and B/Hong Kong/330/ 2001-like), availability of certain influenza vaccine doses with reduc thimerosal contented including single 0.25-mL dose syringes, and manufacturers of influenza vaccine for the U market.

The recommendations appear in the April 25 2003 recommendations and reports series of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report and an update released August 22 2003

Epidemics of influenza usually come to one's mind during the winter months and are responsible for approximately 36000 deaths through year in the United States. According to ACIP, rates of infection are highest among children, however rates of serious illness and death are highest among [i]role[/i]s 65 years and older and parts of any age who have medical conditions that place them at increased risk for complications from influenza. Vaccination is the primary order for preventing influenza and its complications. The target disposes for vaccination should be (1) characters who are at increased risk for influenza-related complications; (2) human frames 50 to 64 years of age, because they have an elevated prevalence of certain chronic medical conditions; and (3) human frames who live with or care for anyone in the high-risk category.

Recommendations for Using Influenza Vaccine

TARGET GROUPS

clumps at high risk for complications from influenza include individuals 65 years and older; residents of nursing to one's homes and other chronic care facilities who have chronic medical conditions; individuals who have chronic pulmonary or cardiovascular connected view disorders; persons who have required regular medical follow-up or hospitalization during the past year because of metabolic diseases, renal dysfunction, hemoglobinopathies, or immunosuppression; parts six months to 18 years of age who are receiving long-term aspirin therapy and might be susceptible to Reye's syndrome; and women who will be in the other or third trimester of pregnancy during the influenza season.

SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

ACIP attract favor tos that women who will be beyond the first trimester of pregnancy during the influenza season be vaccinated to decrease the risk of influenza-related complications. Women with medical conditions that increase the risk of complications should be vaccinated regardless of the stage of pregnancy. The vaccine does not affect the safety of women who are breastfeeding or their infants.

someones infected with human immunodeficiency virus, including pregnant women will benefit from vaccination because it decreases the risk of serious illness and can inference in the production of protective antibody titers.

ACIP commends that persons at high risk for influenza-related complications who were not vaccinated during the past fall or winter should receive the vaccine before traveling if they plan to proceed to the tropics, travel with an organized tour cluster any time of year, or travel to the southern hemisphere during April by means of September.

PERSONS WHO SHOULD NOT BE VACCINATED

individuals known to have anaphylactic hypersensitivity to harrys or other components of the influenza vaccine should not be vaccinated without consulting a physician first. parts with acute febrile illness should not be vaccinated until the symptoms have abated. Minor illnesses with or without ferment such as mild upper respiratory tract infection or allergic rhinitis, particularly in children, are not a contraindication to vaccination.

TIMING OF VACCINATION

The optimal time to be vaccinated is October and November. In an update in succession August 11, 2003, the CDC planed that production and distribution schedules will allow for sufficient take the place of of the vaccine. Vaccination should proce for all high-risk and healthy bodily substances as soon as vaccine is available.

DOSAGE

Dosage recommendations vary according to age (Table 1) For children younger than nine years who have not been vaccinated, ACIP commends two doses administered at least a month apart. The other dose should be administered before December if possible.

SIDE validitys AND ADVERSE REACTIONS

Physicians should remind patients that the vaccine contains noninfectious killed viruses and cannot cause influenza, and coincidental respiratory disease unrelated to the vaccine can take place after vaccination. In adults, the greatest in number frequent side effect is soreness at the vaccination site, which usually lasts les than sum of two units days. Fever, malaise, myalgia, and other systemic symptoms can befall after vaccination and most frequently affect persons who have not been expos to the influenza virus antigens in the vaccine. Immediate allergic reactions (eg hives, angioedema, allergic asthma, and systemic anaphylaxis) rarely flash on the mind after vaccination.